Immanuel Kant Metaphysics of Morals Essay

Kant argued that moral requirements are based on a standard of rationality he dubbed the â€Å"Categorical Imperative† (CI). Immorality thus involves a violation of the CI and is thereby irrational. This argument was based on his striking doctrine that a rational will must be regarded as autonomous, or free in the sense of being the author of the law that binds it. The fundamental principle of morality ? the CI ? is none other than this law of an autonomous will. Thus, at the heart of Kant’s moral philosophy is a conception of reason whose reach in practical affairs goes well beyond that of a Humean ?slave’ to the passions. Moreover, it is the presence of this self-governing reason in each person that Kant thought offered decisive grounds for viewing each as possessed of equal worth and deserving of equal respect. In Kant’s terms, a good will is a will whose decisions are wholly determined by moral demands or as he refers to this, by the Moral Law Kant’s analysis of commonsense ideas begins with the thought that the only thing good without qualification is a ? good will’. While the phrases ? he’s good hearted’, ? she’s good natured’ and ? she means well’ are common, ? the good will’ as Kant thinks of it is not the same as any of these ordinary notions. The idea of a good will is closer to the idea of a ? good person’, or, more archaically, a ? person of good will’ The basic idea is that what makes a good person good is his possession of a will that is in a certain way ? determined’ by, or makes its decisions on the basis of, the moral law The idea of a good will is supposed to be the idea of one who only makes decisions that she holds to be morally worthy, taking moral considerations in themselves to be conclusive reasons for guiding her behavior. This sort of disposition or character is something we all highly value. Kant believes we value it without limitation or qualification. First, unlike anything else, there is no conceivable circumstance in which we regard our own moral goodness as worth forfeiting simply in order to obtain some desirable object Second, as a consequence, possessing and maintaining one’s moral goodness is the very condition under which anything else is worth having or pursuing. Intelligence and even pleasure are worth having only on the condition that they do not require giving up a commitment to honor one’s fundamental moral convictions In Kant’s terms, a good will is a will whose decisions are wholly determined by moral demands or as he refers to this, by the Moral Law A holy ordivine will, if it exists, though good, would not be good because it is motivated by thoughts of duty. argues that a dutiful action from any of these motives, however praiseworthy it may be, does not express a good will and other outcomes of lawful behavior. Indeed, we respect these laws to the degree, but only to the degree, that they do not violate values, laws or principles we hold more dear. Yet Kant thinks in acting from duty that we are not at all motivated by a prospective outcome or some other extrinsic feature of our conduct. We are motivated by the mere conformity of our will to law as such Kant holds that the fundamental principle at the basis of all of our moral duties is a categoricalimperative. It is an imperative because it is a command (e. g. , â€Å"Leave the gun. Take the cannoli.†) More precisely, it commands us to exercise our wills in a particular way, not to perform some action or other. It is categorical in virtue of applying to us unconditionally, or simply because we possesses rational wills, without reference to any ends that we might or might not have. It does not, in other words, apply to us on the condition that we have antecedently adopted some goal for ourselves. Kant’s first formulation of the CI states that you are to â€Å"act only in accordance with that maxim through which you can at the same time will that it become a universal law. † First, formulate a maxim that enshrines your reason for acting as you propose. Second, recast that maxim as a universal law of nature governing all rational agents, and so as holding that all must, by natural law, act as you yourself propose to act in these circumstances. Third, consider whether your maxim is even conceivable in a world governed by this law of nature. If it is, then, fourth, ask yourself whether you would, or could, rationally will to act on your maxim in such a world. If you could, then your action is morally permissible. Kant held that ordinary moral thought recognized moral duties toward ourselves as well as toward others. Hence, together with the distinction between perfect and imperfect duties, we recognize four categories of duties: perfect duties toward ourselves, perfect duties toward others, imperfect duties toward ourselves and imperfect duties toward others Kant’s example of a perfect duty to others concerns a promise you might consider making but have no intention of keeping in order to get needed money At the heart of Kant’s moral theory is the position that rational human wills are.

The Best Experience of My Life

One of my favorite family traditions is summer vacation. Every summer without fail we go on vacation, and we stay there for at least a week. For the past five years we have been going to Disney World with our family that lives in Los Angeles. He is my cousin Ricardo, he lives with his wife and his 1-yearold daughter. I like them because they’re nice, cool and funny. It has turned into a tradition and we all love to be together and have a good time. Every year when we go they greet us in such a way they make you feel like home. Once we’re there and our vacation starts we just forget about everything and relax for a week. We have been going on vacation with our cousins for so long, for a very good reason. It is because everyone gets along. My mom and dad, Ricardo and his wife Mari have a very good relationship. Ricardo my cousin, who is 30, is my cousin and my friend and we get along great. My sister Susan, who is 25, and Mari, who is 27, also get along very well. This works out great because we are all old enough to go out and do our own thing without getting the parents too much involved. Since most of the fun things to do are located right near the hotels we stay at any random hotel. We rarely need to ask them for a ride anywhere, so everyone goes their way and it turns into a great vacation for all of us. We have been going to Disney World together for as long as I can remember. We know the place inside and out. Where all the best rides are, which park is the best. It even got so bad that we knew what time the lines for each ride was shortest. Disney World always comes out with some kind of a new ride or show each year . All the characters are the same but they’re always happy and cheering for the little kids. So it doesn’t gets boring, that is what mostly keep us continuing coming back for more year after year. We headed for the food court because we were all very hungry. All I had eaten in the entire day was water a sandwich and a piece of gum . It was getting late and we hurried because we planned to go to the rides last. When we arrived at the restaurant me and my sister ordered a gigantic hamburger, my mom and dad fish, and my cousin and his wife chicken. When we finish we were all very satisfied and we headed for a little fun. We saw some lights in the far end and we followed them. We arrived at a show it was called the electrical parade and it was really cool. So we went down there last summer and it was a big vacation for all of us. I know it was more of an children’s vacation which but it was very fun and we all loved. In my opinion we are a little too old for Disney World but it was my favorite vacation. My favorite part was when we went to the rides and got on a rollercoaster. My sister tried not to vomit but I guess she had a weak stomach and vomited all over my dad. Unfortunately for my dad, he was on the same cart and he vomited too. When it all was over and we were in a hotel we joked about the vomit and laughed really hard. We shouldn’t had eaten right before going into the rollercoaster.

Arterial Blood Gas

Symptoms of Arterial Blood Gas: ABG is ordered as a means to evaluate or control the patient's respiration and metabolic acid / base balance. This test evaluates the pH of the patient's blood and is used as an indicator of specific causes of acidosis or alkalosis. ABG is also used to measure the adequacy of acid / base balance treatment. ABG can also be used to measure oxygenation saturation. Types of tests and testing procedure: ABG is usually obtained by taking arterial blood. If OHS is suspected, various tests are necessary for confirmation. The most important initial test is to prove the increase in the amount of carbon dioxide in the blood. This requires arterial blood gas measurements, including the collection of blood samples from the arteries, usually the radial arteries. Given that this test can be complicated for each patient with sleep-related breathing problems, measuring the level of bicarbonate in normal (vein) blood is a reasonable I believe it will be a screening test . When rising (more than 27 mmol / l), it is necessary to measure blood gas The arterial blood gas (ABG) test measures acidity (pH) and oxygen and carbon dioxide levels in arterial blood. This test is used to ascertain the extent to which lungs pump oxygen into the bloodstream and remove carbon dioxide from the blood. When blood passes through the lungs, oxygen enters the bloodstream and carbon dioxide flows from the blood into the lungs. The ABG test uses blood taken from arteries that can measure oxygen and carbon dioxide levels before entering body tissues. Dr. Ori can do this test or trained person (Timby, 2009). Mr. J's blood test was sent to microbiology for testing, so it was useful for diagnosis and pointed out the extent of her influence on her illness. ABG provides interdisciplinary team information on oxygenation of the patient, adequacy of ventilation, acid-base level. Skinner (2005) and Adam (2009) agree that arterial blood gas analysis is an important part of patient's ventilation therapy and its acid-base balance diagnosis and management. Skinner continues to say that the usefulness of this intervention depends on the ability of medical professionals to analyze and interpret all aspects of gas. Nettina (2005) describes a test procedure called Allen, a test for evaluating a puncture site before puncture. This evaluates the circulation in the hand and whether it is appropriate to use the radial artery for puncture. The place is cleaned with alcohol, the allergic condition reduces discomfort and allows the use of anesthetic to increase the chances of success

Company culture report Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Company culture report - Research Paper Example This company’s culture gives them a competitive edge over the rivals and places them a head of others in market dominance and customer satisfactory products (Grenville, 113). Based on this information, this paper looks at the Apple’s culture in relation to how they have used the strategy to overcome hurdles facing the company. The culture of the company is based on change such that they have been associated with hitting the market with spectacular products that has left the competitors agape. Methodology For the purpose of data collection, this research paper considered secondary document to analyze and gather the relevant data required for the purpose of this paper. In this regard, Books and other journals that have documented Apple Company management and culture were considered. The information regarding the company has been accurately considered and rationally analyzed for the purposes of relying in this information. Apple Inc. Culture following the research demonstr ates one of the companies that use unique and complicated culture based on the ability to remain innovative at personal level. Culture of the Company The company’s culture is a complex structure with several facets that are simultaneously adhered to. The following will be discussed in relation its culture; Behavior at work Whereas there are set standards and ethical code of conduct, the company has enabled the employees to exercise freedom in running their own show and tolerate working in a challenging environment. This enabling environment has allowed them to be creative and progressive in making breakthrough by coming up with new products that has made the company known for surprises in the technological world (Linzmayer, 129). The need for creativity forms the cornerstone of progression in Apple Company, which is why the employees in the company always have the urge to bring something new in the market for the consumer-something different from what is common and usual. The company according to former CEO, Steve Jobs organized it employees relation in that there are a group of thinkers who come up with brilliant ideas about what may hit the market, the idea is then taken to another level where the imagination will be put to practice by software developers (Linzmayer, 143). In the end, a new product hits the market courtesy of the company culture. In apple, the formality and the hierarchical order traditionally associated with to most companies is not a factor, instead, they devised their own informal system that is results oriented. This kind of arrangement has enabled the company’s employees to develop legendry self esteem and efficiency that has propelled the company to its current level. Nurturing of self-esteem in the company’s employees has seen the employees accepting failures and instead of being disillusioned, they have used it for self-correcting and keeping up with the pace of innovation. Perception and Criteria of selection Fo llowing the company’s need to remain at the apex of innovation, they have designed a stringent method of recruiting employees that is also different from the normal assessment given by majority of the companies (Grady, 48). In Apple Company, one’s ability to serve in the dynamic work environment full of challenges is a prerequisite to the company than related intellect. All that the company requires is a progressive mind that is able to think constructively about what other cannot (Grady, 78).

Facing the enigma of Californias Water Crisis Essay

Facing the enigma of Californias Water Crisis - Essay Example These include water conservation, recycling and ground water desalination. The San Francisco/Bay Area's agribusinesses, wildlife habitats, and fisheries are gravely endangered by state and federal agencies' plans to increase water diversions from the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta, rivers, and estuaries. Already, water exports are killing fish indigenous to the area and poisoning water quality in upstream rivers and the delta. Increasingly, these diversions will only add to the problem, while subsidizing corporate produce growers in the San Joaquin Valley and urban sprawl in Southern California. The planned diversion is unnecessary because there are possible solutions through conservation, water recycling, and ground water desalination. The growing demand for water, at a low cost, can be met without further imperiling Northern California's wildlife and water quality. Water use in California is very high due to a combination of factors. One, it being an agricultural state, and the other, is its population rate continues to rise rapidly. Keene's (2003) research finds that, "California's population is projected to increase by 600,000 every year." Water is a precious and limited resource. Yet there are few who are aware of this. We waste our water down the drain all the time. Since it is a public resource, we treat it as our property and not value it as much. California, like many other places, is well known to face problems related to power and oil. Yet what is much less known is the growing water crisis. As California's population keeps growing and new industries emerging, the demand for water and consumption also increases. So diversions were created in "the Bay-Delta Estuary, which includes the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta, Suisun Marsh and the embayments upstream of the Golden Gate. The Delta and Suisun Marsh are located where California's two major river systems, the Sacramento and San Joaquin rivers, converge to flow westward through San Francisco Bay" (State Water Resource Control Board, 1998). California diverts more than half of the water that naturally flows through this ecosystem. The water was drained faster than the rain could refill it. As billions and billions of gallons were diverted, there appeared to be concerns about the quality and shortage of water. This idea of water diversions is not something new. "For 150 years, the Bay-Delta has suffered from human activity. Frequent pumping from the Bay-Delta has made it no longer function adequately as either a water supply or a healthy habitat for fish and other wildlife" (The Bay-Delta, 2004). So what are these diversions According to the hyper dictionary the word diversions have three different meanings. 1. The direction of water in a stream away from its natural course. 2. The draft of water from one channel to another 3. The interception of runoff by something which discharges it through unnatural channels In plain words these water diversions are man-made and unnatural. The Delta is an important part of California. Reviews of research on the Bay-Delta (2004) find, businesses from Sacramento to the Bay Area and all the way down to southern part of California in San Diego--all rely on the Bay-Delta water. Whatever the kind of industry--computer sciences, healthcare or construction--most need large volumes of

Linear Programming Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Linear Programming - Assignment Example Brass Ltd. manufactures two products named Masso and Russo. These products require machining and assembly hours for their production. The available capacity of each of these hours is limited. Also there are government controls on the maximum output of each type. Under these constraints, the company needs to develop an optimal production plan. The company also needs to know the impact of marginal increase in the constraints on its profitability. The selling prices of the products are also controlled by the government though demand is unfulfilled. The first assumption of the above model is the assumption of independence. This implies that the production of both products is independent of each other and so is their impact on the number of machining or assembly hours. Therefore, the two effects can be added to each other. The second assumption is the assumption of linearity. In other words it is assumed that a linear relation exists between the number of products and machining or assembly hours. This assumption makes possible the use of linear programming model for the given problem. The optimal solution can be obtained by solving the above model through Excel solver as shown in Figure 4.1 (Taha, 2009). In the beginning, the number of products of each type is taken as 1. The objective function value is the decision variable as it needs to be maximized. The number of products is the output variable while the constraints are given by the various inequalities. Sensitivity analysis is performed to notice the impact of a marginal increase in the value of machining hours and assembly hours on the objective function. From the figure, it can be noticed that when the available capacity of machining hours is changed from 700 to 701 hours, the profit increases by $15. When the available capacity of assembly hours is changed from 1000 to 1001 hours, the profit increases by $10. This increase in profit with marginal relaxation of

Earthquake Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Earthquake - Research Paper Example Importance of the research topic Earthquake is one of the most significant risks to the safety of structures as well as of the occupants. Every year, millions of people around the world lose their lives and property in the earthquakes. Considering the gravity of the problem, there is dire need to make the structures resistant against earthquakes as well as to have an effective disaster management system in place to counter the effects of earthquakes. Contents of the paper This paper does a detailed analysis of the research topic i.e. earthquake and explores its various aspects. The aspects discussed in the paper include but are not limited to discussion of the engineering problem, its importance, its relation with geology and engineering, impacts of the engineering problem on the society, challenges associated with it, geological analysis of the problem, and strategies that may be employed to deal with this engineering problem. In addition to that, a case study is discussed in detail . The case study is about a real life earthquake incident that occurred within the last ten years, and that had huge implications on the society. The paper discusses ways in which effects of the earthquake were dealt with, and the potential strategies to avoid the effects of such incidents in the future. Relation between earthquakes and geology Earthquakes are fundamentally related to geology because they happen as a result of movement of the tectonic plates. There are four layers of earth, that include the inner core, the outer core, the mantle and the crust when arranged in an inside out fashion. Although the crust and the mantle constitute a thin layer on the earth’s surface, that is fragmented into different pieces that may slide past each other. An earthquake occurs when two blocks of earth slip across each other. The surface across which the slip happens is known as the fault plane. Earthquake starts at the hypocenter that is directly below the surface of earth where ea rthquake happens, known as the epicenter. Relation between earthquakes and engineering Earthquakes are related to engineering because their occurrence imparts the need to engineer the structures in such a way that they can resist the effects of earthquakes. Every structure has a different foundation design that is engineered in such a way that it can effectively transfer the load of the structure to the earth and can help the building withstand all external shocks and risk factors including heavy winds and earthquakes. Foundation designs of buildings if modified appropriately, make the buildings earthquake-resistant. Impacts of earthquake on the society There are numerous impacts of earthquake on the society that include but are not limited to disrupted normal life, loss of life, loss of property, loss of housing, breakdown of the social order, damaged infrastructure, loss of business, disrupted communication channels, loss of the industrial output, and disrupted marketing systems. â€Å"The effects of an earthquake can also cause dangerous landslides, fires, gas line and electric explosions, and floodwaters from collapsing dams† (Pollard). Earthquakes have numerous short term and long term effects. Many children get kidnapped during the earthquakes. Long term effects of earthquakes include decline in the socioeconomic system of the country. â€Å"Evidence points to elevated rates of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, and earthquake-related fears in children

The visibility of the Environmental reports Essay

The visibility of the Environmental reports - Essay Example 1. The elevation of social accountability and the current reach of the environmental responsibility of the corporate world? Is environmental responsibility addressing the real concerns or is it a public propaganda? 2. Prior research indicates that the firms used to elevate the social accountability as an employee welfare activity and ignore other related important operational information. A very little has been done to the environment improvement. There is no sustainable development but firms used to highlight specific events they have had organized. Firms from the seventies started concerning about environment to please the public and to get approved by the environmental & other governing authorities. The stringent laws imposed in response to the rapid pollution worldwide the firms were forced to abide the regulations specified by concerned authorities. 3. Socio Economic theory was used to examine the social accountability of the firm. 4. The theory describes about the authenticity of the disclosures about the environmental responsibility. The Socioeconomic theory demands for the release of both the extremes of the facts about the environment accountability of the firm which many companies were not providing at that time. The theory demands that the environmental reports are to released with the annual reports to enhance the accountability and visibility of the firm towards environmental awareness. However the firms used to release a separate report about the environment.

Sustainability about gasket Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Sustainability about gasket - Coursework Example Gasket technology purpose to provide sealing solution that match the flange size that provides longtime sustainable life service, the gasket must comply with the current technology. The sealing technology must be flexible to the advancement in technology. Sustainability of gasket depends on technological stability, economic relevance, customer satisfaction and environmental concern. Technological sustenance, describes all the necessary activities that will keep the gasket in operation. The designers and producers must ensure a continued manufacture of the brand version currently and maintain the satisfaction as in the original version in the future (Verghese et al. 123-145). The primary concern with the project is correct seal sizing and conformation with the geometry of the flanges. The designers must ensure the gasket brands design will be able to satisfy the evolving system requirement. In most industrial piping systems there are numerous flanged joints, each of the joints is subject to failure (Verghese, Karli, Lewis, and Fitzpatrick 121-145). If any if any of the pipe system fails then the company is likely to incur several losses due to disruptions on the regular operations. The system breakdown to some extent can lead to injury and death. Difficulty in achieving gasket technological sustainability is the design lifetime under the operating temperature and pressure. Insufficient gasket loading which is the likely course of most flanged joints failures (Johnson, Anthony, and Andy 72-82). Different types and design style gasket are best fit seals. For sustainable service, the metal-jacketed gaskets must have a minimum load of 5000 psi for an adequate seal. The best solution in ensuring gasket sustainability is joining the use of rubber bound gaskets that require a lower loading of 100 psi. Environmental sustainability determines the possible

Transmittal of Project Report on Flextime Strategy Research Paper

Transmittal of Project Report on Flextime Strategy - Research Paper Example Solutions and its impacts on both the employers and employees of the company. Various factors included in this research study were about the different types of flextime policies implemented by some of the well reputed business firms in the world and its impact on the organization. Primary research was also performed through questionnaires designed to survey the employees of Health Tech. Solutions. Based on the findings and analysis of the research study, it is recommended that Health Tech. Solutions should consider implementing a flextime policy for its employees that includes 4-day work week with 4 out of 10 working hours every day available as flexible time according to the choice of the employees. Please feel free to contact me if you have any questions associated with the project report or if you need any kind of additional information. I will try to assist you in every way possible. Enc. Project Report TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS 5 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 6 OVERVIEW 7 TYPE S OF FLEXTIME 9 IMPACT ON EMPLOYER 11 Advantages 11 Disadvantages 12 IMPACT ON EMPLOYEE 12 Advantages 13 Disadvantages 13 FINDINGS AND ANALYSIS 14 Secondary Research and Analysis 15 Primary Research and Analysis 17 LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY 20 CONCLUSION 21 RECOMMENDATIONS 22 REFERENCES 22 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS Table – 1: Preference for 4-day or 5-day work week 19 Table – 2: Preference of 8-hour days as working hours 20 Table – 3: Preference of 10-hour days as working hours 20 Figure – 1: Employees favoring work from home 19 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Flextime strategies have received a renewed attention in many of the companies all around the world. Health tech. Solutions is also thinking of implementing a flextime strategy in their company as suggested by many of the employees in the company. This research study deals with the problem statement about the various merits and demerits of a flextime strategy being implemented by an organization and its various impact s on both the employees and employers of an organization. Both secondary and primary research methods have been employed in order to conduct this study successfully. The different types of flextime strategies followed by five of the well reputed companies have been included in this study. Those companies include Pricewaterhouse Coopers, KPMG, Sun Microsystems, etc. Primary research has also been performed which included a questionnaire survey of the employees of Health Tech. Based on the research it has been found that the flextime strategies adopted by most of the companies have proved to be very much advantageous for them. It has resulted in increased performance of the employees and reduction of the employee turnover rates. The information collected from the questionnaire survey suggested that employees had greater interest in having flexible working hours in their work schedule. Hence it is recommended that a flextime strategy should be implemented in Health Tech. Solutions. The flextime policy should include four days 10-hours day per week work schedule and would include 4 hours as flexible working hours for the employees. It is suggested that implementation of flextime strategy in Health Tech. Solutions would prove advantageous for the company since the performance level of the employees would increase and the company would be able to save significant amount of turnover costs. OVERVIEW The concept of flexible timing in work

John Steinbeck Essay Example for Free

John Steinbeck Essay John Steinbeck is simply one of Americas finest storytellers. He is an accomplished author and a Nobel Laureate in Literature. However, his road to success was not easy. His earlier novels failed to attract attention, and it took many years before he got the recognition he deserved. Like most writers, his experiences and his hometown were crucial in the creation of his stories. Thus, Steinbecks works were greatly influenced by his life and the environment in which he lived. John Ernst Steinbeck was born on February 27, 1902, in Salinas, California (National Steinbeck Center [NSC], n. d. ). His parents were John Steinbeck, Sr., and Olive Hamilton Steinbeck. His father was a County Treasurer and his mother was a school teacher (NSC, n. d. ). It was his mother who was responsible for his love of reading and writing (â€Å"John Steinbeck,† 2003). His favorite books included Le Morte d Arthur by Sir Thomas Malory, Crime and Punishment by Fyodor Dostoevsky and Paradise Lost by John Milton (â€Å"John Steinbeck,† 2003). He usually spent his summer vacations working on ranches and farms (NSC, n. d. ). It is from this experience where he derived his knowledge of the countryside and its people, which he later used in his stories (NSC, n.d. ). Steinbeck graduated from Salinas High School in 1919 (NSC, n. d. ), and proceeded to study marine biology in Stanford University (â€Å"John Steinbeck,† 2003). To pay for his education, he took many jobs, which led him to miss several quarters of school (â€Å"John Steinbeck,† 2003). He was already a writer in college, with several poems and short stories included in university publications as proof (â€Å"John Steinbeck,† 2003). In 1925, Steinbeck left Stanford University and proceeded to New York to start his writing career (NSC, n. d. ). He began his writing career in New York as a reporter for American (â€Å"John Steinbeck,† 2003). Despite this brief writing stint, Steinbeck was still unsuccessful in terms of fiction. He failed to publish any of his written works, forcing him to return to California (NSC, n. d. ). He was still a writer, but he also had other jobs as well. His jobs included fruit picking, painting, surveying, being an estate caretaker and a house watchman (â€Å"John Steinbeck,† 2003). In 1929, Cup of Gold was written when Steinbeck was a house watchman (â€Å"John Steinbeck,† 2003). It failed to return the publishers investment (â€Å"John Steinbeck,† 2003). His next two novels, The Pastures of Heaven and To a God Unknown, were also unsuccessful (NSC, n. d. ). In 1930, Steinbeck married his first wife Carol Henning. The 30s also marked an improvement in his writing career, as his first literary success Tortilla Flat was published in 1935 (â€Å"John Steinbeck,† 2003). Tortilla Flat was later adapted into a movie. Steinbecks success continued, with the release Of Mice and Men in 1937, and The Grapes of Wrath in 1939. Soon after, he won a Pulitzer Prize for The Grapes of Wrath. During the Second World War, he went back to his journalistic roots, as a correspondent for the New York Herald Tribune (NSC, n. d. ). In 1942, Steinbecks relationship with Henning ended (â€Å"John Steinbeck,† 2003). He then married Gwyndolyn Conger, but the marriage did not last (â€Å"John Steinbeck,† 2003). In 1950, he married again, this time to Elaine Scott (â€Å"John Steinbeck,† 2003). It was also in the 50s when he published another great book of his, East of Eden in 1952 (â€Å"John Steinbeck,† 2003). In 1962, Steinbeck was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature (NSC, n. d. ). Four years after, he passed away, in the 20th of December (NSC, n.d. ). Steinbecks literary pieces are filled with references to his own life. The most prominent reference was the setting. Most of his stories, if not all, feature his hometown of Salinas. This is only proof that his hometown was very significant for him, that he refused to exclude it in his works. The Pastures of Heaven is a great example. There is a valley in California, which is located between Salinas and Monterey (Paik, 2006). The name of the valley is Corral de Tierra, but Steinbeck referred to this valley as â€Å"pastures of heaven,† hence the title of his book (Paik, 2006). Moreover, it was also found that since The Pastures of Heaven consists of short stories, Steinbecks intention to unify them may bear a similarity to Miltons Paradise Lost (Meyer, 2007). This is no surprise, since it was one of his favorite books. Tortilla Flat is another Steinbeck novel which referenced his hometown. Tortilla Flat is another town in California, near Monterey. The theme of the story was based on King Arthur and the Round Table (â€Å"John Steinbeck,† 2003). Steinbeck might have derived this idea from another favorite book of his, Le Morte d Arthur by Sir Thomas Malory. In addition, he included the plight of farmers within the story (Pollock, 2006), the inspiration of which was probably taken from his summers as a farmhand. The Log from the Sea of Cortez is another Steinbeck text that, despite having no connection with California, was still a result of his life experiences. When Steinbeck was married to Carol, they lived in Pacific Grove (NSC, n. d. ). It was in Pacific Grove were he met Edward Ricketts, a marine biologist (â€Å"John Steinbeck,† 2003). They quickly became friends, probably because they shared the same interest in biology, which Steinbeck took in college. In 1940, Ricketts and Steinbeck boarded The Western Flyer, a fishing boat they hired for the expedition (Weiss, 1999). Both men explored the Gulf of California, also known as the Sea of Cortez (Weiss, 1999). Steinbeck published the book Sea of Cortez, which was re-released as The Log from the Sea of Cortez (Weiss, 1999). Steinbecks maturity as a writer is difficult to trace, simply because he started out as a journalist and later became a fiction writer. News writing and fiction writing are two different fields, both of which are essential parts of Steinbecks career. Nonetheless, regardless of genre, Steinbecks talent is undeniable. Only he could write with a balance of â€Å"realistic naturalism† and â€Å"moral optimism† within his stories (Phillips, 2006). Consequently, Steinbecks writing strength lies on his social commentary, the focus of which was the economic struggles of laborers in the rural areas (Nobel Foundation 1962). His love for the California landscape is also another Steinbeck trademark, which is not always compatible with his straightforward sociological kind of writing (Nobel Foundation, 1962). Despite this, John Steinbeck remains a remarkable author whose legacy will stay for generations. He was one of the many who created literary masterpieces that was extremely influenced by his own life and the surroundings in which he lived. References John Steinbeck (1902-1968). Retrieved January 29, 2008, from http://www. kirjasto. sci. fi/johnstei. htm Meyer, M. J. (2007). The Pastures of Heaven. The Literary Encyclopedia. Retrieved January 29, 2008, from http://www. litencyc. com/php/sworks. php? rec=trueUID=7353 National Steinbeck Center (n. d. ). Biography. Retrieved January 29, 2008, from http://www. steinbeck. org/Bio. html Nobel Foundation (1962). Biography. Retrieved January 29, 2008, from http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/literature/laureates/1962/steinbeck-bio. html Paik, F. (2006). Pastures of heaven. Retrieved January 29, 2008, from http://www. forbes. com/2001/11/09/1109how. html Phillips, B. (2006). SparkNote on East of Eden. Retrieved January 29, 2008, from http://www. sparknotes. com/lit/eastofeden/context. html Pollock, F. J. (2006). SparkNote on Tortilla Flat. Retrieved January 29, 2008, from http://www. sparknotes. com/lit/tortillaflat/context. html Weiss, D. (1999). The log of the sea of Cortez. Retrieved January 29, 2008, from http://www. ecotopia. org/about/cortez. html.

Concealed Carry Arguement Essay Example for Free

Concealed Carry Arguement Essay Carry Citizens of Illinois, is it so wrong to carry a concealed weapon for personal protection? There are multiple citizens of the United States believe that it is their constitutional right to carry. Statistics show that the crime rates have dropped in states with concealed carry and the death rates have not really grown. There are multiple figures of authority that are for and then there are those that still believe that concealed carry is unhealthy for a community. I for one am for the concealed carry laws in the state of Illinois. There are many Citizens of the state and other states that agree with me and the numerous law makers that concealed carry in Illinois is a constitutional right passed down from our fore fathers. One Illinois citizen in particular, Mrs. Sue Darnall, teaches a gun safety class in Bloomington, IL. Her students upon passing the course are eligible to apply for a Florida concealed carry permit that is valid in 32 other states, excluding Illinois. Mrs. Darnall says You have to answer the question: do I have it in me to take someone elses life? We dont know. We can train for that possibility but we never know until we have the experience. Firearms should always be considered a tool of last resort, she is an advocate for the concealed carry law in Illinois [Brady]. There are multiple lawmakers in the state of Illinois that are for concealed carry and yet there are equally as many that disagree and believe that it is a bad idea. We look kind of silly being the only state not to have it. It works very well, the 49 other states prove it every day, said state Rep. Donald Moffitt, R-Galesburg. Under the legislation, anyone 21 years of age or older who has a Firearm Owners Identification Card would be eligible to apply for a concealed carry permit. Rep. Brandon Phelps, D-Harrisburg, the sponsor, estimated the permit would cost around $100. Phelps pointed to Wisconsin, which passed a concealed carry law last summer. They sold 67,000 permits the first week, Phelps said [Ehley]. Phelps also says, â€Å"Right now were at the mercy of criminals [Brady]. Yet there are still law makers such as, Governor Pat Quinn, who says, â€Å"The concept of concealed, loaded handguns in possession of private citizens does not enhance public safety, on the contrary, it increases danger for everyday people [Ehley]. † Each side in the intense debate has its own interpretation of what the framers of the Constitution meant when they penned the Second Amendment. The right of citizens to keep and bear arms is the bedrock upon which concealed carry support has been built across the country. Its a constitutional guarantee. I think people should have the right to protect themselves because law enforcement is not equipped to totally protect them. The only people carrying guns now are cops and crooks, said Madison County Sheriff Robert Hertz, president of Illinois Sheriffs Association that in 2009 dropped its neutral position and approved a resolution endorsing concealed carry [Brady]. The arguments are endless on the topic, whether it is a constitutional right or not. Some people say it is because we should be able to carry when and where we feel that we are in danger and need the extra personal protection. Looking at states such as Missouri where the city of St. Louis was voted the most dangerous city in America, the crimes against individuals has slowed and dropped in numbers since the passing of concealed carry there. Now if a criminal is uncertain that you have a gun or not, it makes him less likely to attack. Not forgetting to mention if criminals are already breaking these laws and carrying, what makes it so difficult to make it legal for others to â€Å"pack heat? † I personally believe that if a law was passed for concealed carry the crime rates would drop in the state of Illinois. The current votes against concealed carry on based on the majority of ruling over Chicago. What about the southern part of the state, we have crime too. 90% of Illinois state laws are passed because of the happenings in Chicago. If a law were to be passed I believe that a registration and screening process would and should be put in place to weed out â€Å"unfit† candidates. The Illinois laws already state that felons cannot posses firearms, cannot purchase ammunition, and aren’t eligible to receive a F. O. I. D card. We could even be like the state of Wisconsin who just passed a carrying law; theirs is not concealed but open carry. Illinois is the only state in the entire union that doesn’t have a legal concealed carry law. There are multiple precautions that could be taken to prevent increased crime. In example, there are states that have local ordinances that make it illegal to carry a concealed weapon around such as Washington D. C. made it illegal to carry a handgun around, the rest of the state has a concealed carry law. I say in conclusion I believe that concealed carry is a smart and safe bet, besides it is a constitutional right to carry. â€Å"A well regulated Militia, being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear Arms, shall not be infringed.

Examine The Distinctions Between Theories Of International Relations Politics Essay

Examine The Distinctions Between Theories Of International Relations Politics Essay Critically examine the distinctions between explanatory and constitutive theories of international relations, illustrating your argument with insights from a variety of theoretical perspectives The distinction between explanatory and constitutive theory is a contested issue that has emerged as a result of the contemporary way of framing issues in International Relations. I will argue that this is an ambiguous and superficial distinction that when pressed to categorise theoretical concepts requires an oversimplification and carries a danger of negligence. I then offer an alternative categorisation; that put forward by Robert Cox ( 1981): problem-solving and critical theory. I conclude by arguing that the act of categorising in itself is highly problematic. Explanatory theory views the world as something external to our theories, indentifying a number of key factors and then predicting a range of outcomes on the basis of a few important causal factors. (Kurki Wight, 2007, p.28) In contrast, constitutive theory argues that our theories help construct our world and that we cannot separate subject and object as a causal relationship; but instead theory and practice are embedded. The epistemology of explanatory theory is positivist, arguing that we can have authentic value- free knowledge based upon sense experience and methodologically using empirical data to produce universal conditionals. (Baylis et al., 2008, p.177) Constitutive theory rejects this epistemological and methodological approach, arguing that human knowledge is not based on neutral foundations, but rather upon human conjectures. Instead, constitutive theory is concerned with the study of how norms, rules and ideas are constituted in social objects; preferring to study from a meta-theoretical perspective. (Kurki Wight, 2007, p.29) Realism, an orthodox theory, is regarded as a classic example of explanatory theory. (Kurki Wight, 2007, p.28) Realism claims that politics and society are governed by objective laws based upon a fixed conception of human nature. (Morgenthau, 1967) The Realist conception of human nature has its roots in the Hobbesian man; a creature of self-preservation, countless appetites and desires; when added to the anarchical state of nature the life of man is solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, and short. (Hobbes, 2008, p.84) This image of man is then extrapolated into the state and world order, giving Realism a rational outline that concludes that states are by nature power maximizers. (Rosenberg, 2001, p.17) This concept of power imposes intellectual discipline upon the observer, infuses rational order into the subject matter of politics (Morgenthau, 1967) and produces the idealistic  [1]  conception of a balance of power. Overall, Realism advocates a broad positivist scientific epistemolog y by a determinate causal relation between the object and subject i.e. the fixed objective nature of man into a subjective social power relation between states. Another orthodox explanatory theory is said to be Liberalism, which sets out a common positivist epistemology and ontological emphasis on human nature. The Liberal perspective accepts the Realist ontology of human nature and state-centricity, but differs by emphasising the rational qualities of individuals and a faith in the progress of social life. Despite the fixed conception of human nature, man is able to cooperate and construct a peaceful society. (Russett, 2007, p.96) Although not denying the international system is anarchical, there is a disagreement as to what this means and why it matters. (Baldwin, 1993, p.4) Liberalism has a belief in democratic governments, economic interdependence and international law and institutions, in a series of feedback loops each factor strengthening the other and leading to a self-perpetuating peaceful system. (Russett, 2007, p.107) In a sense Liberalism breaks from away from the Realist conception of man, to a more central role of rational indi viduals cooperating and constructing a peaceful society. Once more Liberalism applies a positivist methodology by relating the agency of human nature as the ontological basis and predicting structural power relations between states. So far I have focused upon two generalised orthodox theories and argued that both categorise neatly within the explanatory bracket. However, when moving to the third paradigm of International Relations theory Marxism we find that the distinctions become obscure and potentially misleading if operated negligently. Marxisms methodology operates on a dual basis of dialectical and historical materialism; if taken separately I believe Marxism can wrongly be defined as explanatory theory, whereas, taken in its correct dual sense Marxism bridges the gap between explanatory and constitutive theories. Firstly, dialectical materialism is a theory of struggle and must be understood as in direct opposition to idealism. Contrary to the orthodox theories, dialectics does not regard nature as an accidental agglomeration of things, independent and isolated such as the ontological basis of power and human nature but a connected and integrated whole, in which things are organically interdependent. The dialectical methodology is holistic and therefore holds that we cannot understand the phenomena in nature, if isolated from surrounding phenomena. Contrary to orthodox theory, human nature is not in a state of rest, fixed and immobile, but in a state of continuous movement and change. This dialectical approach has important implications for the way in which Marxism studies social life, removing it from a simple object and subject split, whilst also distinguishing its methodology from orthodox theory. As Marx himself put it, as soon as this active life-process is described, history ceases to be a collection of dead facts as it is with the empiricists. (Marx Engels, 1970, p.48) Nevertheless, Marxism still retains an element of explanatory quality, as dialectical materialism envisages a process of development; where qualitative changes occur not gradually, but rapidly and abruptly, leaping from one state to another; not accidently, but as a natural result of gradual quantitative changes in the unfolding of contradictions inherent in nature. (Stalin, 1938) This dialectical process results in Marxist methodology to scientifically predict the eventual downfall of capitalism to a higher stage of communism. The mistake often made with Marxism is to highlight the objective factors as primarily driving revolutionary change. Instead, by incorporating a reading of Marxist historical materialism, we begin to understand that objective factors inevitably give rise to revolts and not revolution; i.e. objectively the stock market will crash due to the structure of capitalism, giving rise to a subjective revolt. By incorporating historical materialism, Marxism focuses on the subjective factors alive within an epoch of history and seeks to measure the factors for revolution and the factors against; objective factors can include unintentional structures of exploitation and alienation; giving rise to subjective necessity to find a job, or join a union. It is this dialectical interrelation of object and subject that informs the Marxist methodology. Contrary to explanatory theory, which asserts that theory can be separate from practice, and that value-free knowledge is possible due to our sensations, ideas and perceptions; Marxist materialism holds that matter is primary, since it is the source of our ideas, and that our theory is derivative, a reflection of matter and practice. One cannot separate the thought from matter which thinks. Matter is the subject of all changes. (Marx, 2001, p.167) Whatever the material conditions of life of a society, such are the ideas and theories about them it is not the consciousness of men that determines their being, but, on the contrary, their social being that determines their consciousness. (Marx, 2001, p.425) In summation, Marxism has scientific qualities and foundational epistemology similar to explanatory theory; yet, by its break towards a more holistic methodology and historical materialist ontology, marks a nascent stage of constitutive theory. The Marxist ideological hypothesis marks a transition towards Post theoretical concepts. Post-structuralism claims that interpretation is void of any objectivity and as such political leaders, social activists, scholars and students all actively engage in a interpretation of the world that is ideological. Post-structuralism attacks the Realist foundational approach, highlighting how state-centric ontology results in predetermined practice; i.e. balance of power emerges as Realism marks a border between inside/outside, sovereign/anarchic, us/them (Campbell, 2007, p.216) and post-structuralism is concerned with how this inside and outside relation is mutually composed. Post-structuralism argues that these interpretations are made from a particular ideological vantage point and hence representation cannot be abstracted from our identities; therefore post-structuralism is concerned with the discourse of identity politics. (Campbell, 2007, pp.214-16) Post-structuralism is essentially conc erned with the deconstruction of truth claims; for example, Realism, Liberalism and Marxism all have a normative position and therefore claim to have uncovered some fundamental truth about the world. (Baylis et al., 2008, p.185) Overall, post-structuralism has a devastating critique and deconstruction of the normative element of traditional theories. However, I would argue that this meta-theoretical critique is useful in retrospect, yet, pacifying and un-politicizing by an failure to change the concrete conditions of society; otherwise contradicting its anti-normative perspective. The distinctions between explanatory and constitutive appear to be problematic and I believe this due to the construction of explanatory theory using a framework of Realist ontology, epistemology and methodology. This forces a superficial distinction to be drawn in the shape of constitutive theory, which directly opposes Realism. Yet, when placing Marxism and to a degree Liberalism within these inflexible categories, an element of overlap is necessary. Instead, using Robert Coxs more flexible categorisation; problem-solving and critical theory helps to show clearly the points of departure and encourage reflection on the process of theorising itself; i.e. to achieve a perspective on perspectives. (Cox, 1981, p.88) Realism and Liberalism would be defined as problem-solving theory due to its negation of the prevailing social and power relationships, as well as institutions and economic structure. The second category is critical theory, it is critical because it refuses to except the exi sting order as a non-historical occurrence, but question how that order came about and how it is maintained. (Cox, 1981, pp.88-89) Overall, the problem-solving and critical distinctions offer more flexibility and clarity between theoretical perspectives. Nevertheless, the distinctions made are on a normative basis and subsequently complicate the positioning of post theoretical perspectives. To conclude, I would argue that the distinctions of Explanatory and Constitutive theory are highly problematic since the act of categorisation, in itself, leads to the creation of new discourses that can dangerously disregard important underpinnings of major theories. As Marx once famously recalled if this is Marxism, then I am not a Marxist (Engels, 1890) and Foucaults effort to escape any fixed identity through his writings, (Gutting, 2005, p.10) illustrates the discomfort of categorisation as practice in political theory.

robert e. lee Essay -- essays research papers

Robert E. Lee, who was considered to be the greatest soldier fighting for the Confederate States of America, descended from a long line of famous heroes. Many of Lee's ancestors played important roles in America's history. His father was a Revolutionary War hero and a friend of George Washington. He was often referred to as Light Horse Harry Lee. Lee was born on January 19, 1807 in Stratford, Virginia. Lee always admired Washington, and was his hero as a youngster. Young Lee decided to become a soldier, partly because of the military tradition of his family. Lee enrolled in West Point Military Academy and graduated 2nd in his class in 1829. Lee majored in military engineering and supervised several army projects, he was named Second Lieutenant in the Corp engineers. His devotion and hard work in supervising harbor improvements in Saint Louis got him promoted to Captain in 1838. As a captain, his first experience in actual battle was in the Mexican War. He served under General Winfield Scott, and was the best engineer in General Scott's campaign. Lee's actions at the battles of Cerro Gordo, Churubusco, and Chapultepec received many high praises and earned him a reputation. General Scott claimed that the success of the war was due to Lee's bravery and skills, Lee was appointed the rank of Colonel. In 1582 he was appointed superintendent of West Point Military Academy. Under his service, James B. McPherson, Phillip Sheridan, and John Bell Hood would graduate from the academy, soon to be famous. Lee finished his duty as the superintendent in 1855, and served as a Lieutenant Colonel in the Second Cavalry, stationed in Texas. In 1859, while serving in Texas, Lee was sent to command a group of Marines to suppress John Brown's uprising. John Brown was a northern abolitionist would believed a rebellion in the south would lead to abolition. He was taken down by Lee's forces. After suppressing the uprising, Lee was called to Washington is 1861. The succession movement had begun. Some southern states had left, but Lee's own Virginia was still uncertain. As much as Lee had supported the Union, he couldn't bear the sight of union soldiers invading and destroying his hometown. Lee had thought over this matter for days, and finally decided to resign from the union forces and offer his help to the confederacy. When Lee reached Richmond, Virginia had succeeded and they had a... ...hrew strong attacks at the union forces, but was repulsed with heavy losses. The battle of Gettysburg was the largest battle ever fought in North America. He was criticized for attempting an impossible battle, the union forces had and advantageous position and more men. After Gettysburg, Lee retreated back to Virginia for the rest of the war. With the loss of more and more soldiers, Lee had no choice but to start taking a defensive position. In the spring of 1864, General Ulysses Grant got control of the union forces and decided to bring Lee into northern Virginia and crush the confederate forces there. Grant rushed to Petersburg, hoping to seize the railroad the was supplying Lee with supplies. Lee had arrived first and Grant started a siege. In 1865, Grant finally seized control of the railroads and lee retreated to the west. Lee, realizing his loss of men, met Grant at Appomattox and surrendered the Army of Northern Virginia. After the war, Lee was considered a hero of the south, with dignity he accepted his defeat and preached to his people the necessity of peace and national unity. He later became the principal of Washington college at Lexington. He died on October 12, 1870.

Depicting the Various Traits and Characteristics of Leadership in Liter

Depicting the Various Traits and Characteristics of Leadership in Literature When discussing any triumphant or flourishing organization or institution, the main attribute which will always surface when examining the true fabric of what allows a particular organization or institution to excel, will always be leadership.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Leadership is portrayed at its pinnacle in William Bratton’s Turnaround, Rudolph Giuliani’s book Leadership, Oren Harari’s book The Leadership Secrets of Colin Powell, and David Lipsky’s book Absolutely American: Four Years at West Point. In each of these works, the author does an exceptional job of depicting the various traits and characteristics necessary for being a powerful and effective leader.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   William Bratton, born and raised in Boston, was appointed as New York City’s new police commissioner by Mayor Rudolph Giuliani on December 2, 1993. William Bratton was a leader who spent his whole life turning around low-performing, dysfun-ctional police departments. It was his specialty and it soon became his trademark. Bill Bratton hit the ground running as the commissioner of police by implementing several policies and visions that he had, that many believed would be unfathomable in policing. His goals were revolutionary and unprecedented and would not be possible to achieve if not for his incredible leadership ability. His ability as an effective leader allowed him to select intelligent, experienced, and quality individuals who shared identical beliefs and visions as he did. Any leader would agree that anything is possible through optimism, intelligent planning, and preparation, but nothing is possible if your chosen â€Å"executives† lack the leader’s confid ence to operate freely and carry out the organization’s ultimate goals. Bratton was a believer in Theodore Roosevelt’s ideology that â€Å"the best executive is the one who has sense enough to pick good men to do what he wants done, and self- restraint enough to keep from meddling with them while they do it.† Bratton was a master motivator. His optimism rubbed off on everyone around him and this reflected their performance. He had a belief that â€Å"leadership is the ability to enthuse and encourage the people in your organization so highly that, whatever idea is put into action, they embrace it so fully they forget the genesis and assume it was their own† (Bratton pg.155). This was Br... ...spects of what makes up an effective leader, it is clear that there cannot be one clear- cut and dry definition of what a leader is. A leader is a make up of many different attributes and qualities. An effective Leader encompasses all of the attributes which go along with facilitating ideas and allowing an organization to grow and flourish, as well as inspiring and motivating those he or she oversees to do the same. A Leader has the ability and almost the reflex action to surface when it is time for a difficult task to be accomplished or a difficult decision to be made. Leadership may be a type of management but a manager is not always a leader. â€Å"Leadership is the art of accomplishing more than the science of management says is possible.† Works Cited   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Bratton, W., & Knobler, P. (1998). Turnaround: How America’s Top Cop Reversed the Crime Epidemic. New York: Random House Press.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Giuliani, R.W., & Kurson, K. (2002). Leadership. New York: Hyperion Press.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Harari, O. (2002). The Leadership Secrets of Colin Powell. New York: McGraw- Hill Press.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Lipsky, D. (2004). Absolutely American: Four Years at West Point. New York: Vintage Books Press.

The Information Age †Broadening the Gap between the Have’s and the Have Not’s :: Exploratory Essays Research Papers

The Information Age – Broadening the Gap between the Have’s and the Have Not’s The rise of computer technology and the internet has had drastic impacts on how society now functions; it has become a major force in almost every aspect of society, from business, to entertainment, to education. The digital divide’s impact on education has completely changed the way students conduct their work, which has opened doors of knowledge for students that were once never considered possible, making the computer and internet an essential (and often the most important) tool for any student. But the rise of the availability of the computer and the internet has not been equally spread across the population, drastically disadvantaging some section, while giving other portions a somewhat unfair advantage. This is what is known as the digital divide, which is heavily present throughout North America , putting certain demographics at a disadvantage, while favouring others. The digital divide is formally defined as â€Å"the gap in Internet and computer usage between [the] rich and poor; anglos and minorities† (Straubhaar & LaRose, 5). This term became popular in the mid 1990’s, the same time as computers and the internet began to enter into mainstream society (Digital, 2004). The main minorities that are affected by the digital divide in North America are visible ethnic minorities, low-income families, the disabled, and the elderly. One of the main principles of the digital divide focuses on the every widening gap that is becoming more and more present across North America in the access and availability to computers and the internet. The reason why it is important to be aware of this gap is because the computer and the internet have become such an essential piece of what is now considered to be a ‘everyday’ technology. In developed countries, such as Canada and the United States ( North America ) computers and the internet have grown to become an almost essential technology. More and more jobs now require some sort of computer related knowledge or skills, especially in the professional field. Minorities are already under-represented in professional jobs, and the digital divide will help to continue that trend. If a certain minority group has little access to and knowledge of computers and the internet, they will be less likely to embrace it, and more likely to fear the technology, pushing them further down the ladder of ‘upward mobility’.

Online Food Catering Essay

When I first began this project, I though that I would do the normal pasta and add the cheapest sauce I could find, but then I thought â€Å"why make something typical, when I could make something that reflects my culture and is cheap†. So I did just that. I went and researched online â€Å"Arab peasant food† and came up with mixed bean soup. Some of the main challenges I faced was keeping the meal under the budget. This was especially difficult because if I add more spice, it will become too expensive, but if I don’t I will have a lot of money left over. In the end I bought some popsicles for desert(which wouldn’t be a good idea in the 30’s because the lower class didn’t have freezers). The last and probably the hardest challenge I faced was getting my family to eat my dinner. During this project I realized how tough it must be to try to think of and execute something that supports your health but is also at such a low cost. When I interviewed my family members they had some vry interesting views that I didn’t expect. My father was happy with the meal and thought it suited the assignment very well though he had some critiques of the flavor of the dish. He also stated that he â€Å"would eat the dish for long periods of time if necessary, but after more than a couple days, I would choose another dish if possible. He also said that if we were to save a couple bucks we would eat less fresh foods and no fruits or veggies. † My brother was a bit less open minded and said that the soup was very bland and â€Å"boring† and that people in the great depression â€Å"couldn’t live with horrible food like this. The healthiness of this meal is fairly good, with the exception of the popsicles. The beans provided exceptional nutritional value with high concentrations of protein and lots of fats and starch in the pasta. If I would have to live like this for a long time, I would probably get sick of it, but if it the only thing available to eat, I could cope. If a present day depression were to occur, my family would probably sell all UNNESSEARY items and downgrade on items we must have. Within this period I would feel as if my government has betrayed me and I was â€Å" left for the wolves†.

Ada Solution Manual

This ? le contains the exercises, hints, and solutions for Chapter 1 of the book interpolation to the plan and Analysis of Algorithms, 2nd edition, by A. Levitin. The problems that might be ch exclusivelyenging for at least some(prenominal) students be tag by those that might be di? frenzy for a majority of students be label by . Exercises 1. 1 1. Do some re hunt club on al-Khorezmi (also al-Khwarizmi), the man from whose nominate the word algorithmic ruleic ruleic programic rule is derived. In break inicular, you should influence what the origins of the words algorithm and algebra adopt up in common. 2. Given that the of? cial purpose of the U.S. patent governing body is the promotion of the useful arts, do you approximate algorithms atomic number 18 patentable in this country? Should they be? 3. a. Write down driving directions for red from your school to your home with the precision indispensable by an algorithm. b. Write down a recipe for cooking your favori te dole issue with the precision required by an algorithm. 4. Design an algorithm for swapping 2 3 figure of speech non-zero integers n, m. Besides using arithmetic operations, your algorithm should not use some(prenominal) unpredictable variable. 5. Design an algorithm for computing gcd(m, n) using Euclids algorithm. 6.Prove the equivalence gcd(m, n) = gcd(n, m innovativeernistic n) for every dyad of dictatorial integers m and n. 7. What does Euclids algorithm do for a pair of follows in which the ? rst takings is sm each(prenominal) in all(prenominal)er than the second wizard? What is the largest prohibited occur of sentences this fuck befall during the algorithms execution on much(prenominal) an input? 8. What is the smallest and the largest number of divisions come-at-able in the algorithm for determining a prime number? 9. a. Euclids algorithm, as presented in Euclids treatise, uses subtractions rather than integer divisions. Write a pseudocode for th is version of Euclids algorithm. b.Euclids game (see Bog) starts with devil unbalanced positive metrical composition on the progress. twain players move in turn. On individually move, a player has to write on the board a positive number equal to the difference of 2 add up already on the board this number must be new, i. e. , different from all the song already on the board. The player who faecal matternot move loses the game. Should you choose to move ? rst or second in this game? 10. The wide Euclids algorithm determines not only(prenominal) the greatest common constituent d of 2 positive integers m and n simply also integers (not necessarily positive) x and y, such that mx + ny = d. a. Look up a description of the extended Euclids algorithm (see, e. g. , KnuI, p. 13) and implement it in the linguistic communication of your choice. b. Modify your program for ? nding integer solutions to the Diophantine equating ax + by = c with some(prenominal) set of integer coe f? cients a, b, and c. 11. Locker room accesss in that respect are n lockers in a hallway, numbered sequentially from 1 to n. Initially all the locker doors are closed. You make n get throughes by the lockers, each clock clipping first with locker 1. On the ith backslide, i = 1, 2, . . . n, you supply the door of every ith locker if the door is closed, you give it if it is open, you close it. For example, after the ? rst pass every door is open on the second pass you only furnish the until now-numbered lockers (2, 4, . . . ) so that after the second pass the even doors are closed and the preposterous bingles are open the third time through, you close the door of locker 3 (opened from the ? rst pass), open the door of locker 6 (closed from the second pass), and so on. After the resist pass, which locker doors are open and which are closed?How many of them are open? 2 Hints to Selected Exercises 1. 1 1. It is probably swift to do this by searching the Web, provided you r library should be able to help, too. 2. angiotensin-converting enzyme can ? nd arguments supporting all view. There is a well-established principle minded(p) to the matter, though scienti? c facts or numerical expressions of them are not patentable. (Why do you theorize this is the case? ) But should this preclude granting patents for all algorithms? 3. You may assume that you are composition your algorithms for a human rather than a machine.Still, make sure that your descriptions do not contain obvious ambiguities. Knuth (KnuI, p. 6) provides an interesting resemblance mingled with cooking recipes and algorithms. 6. Prove that if d divides twain(prenominal) m and n (i. e. , m = sd and n = td for some positive integers s and t), thence it also divides both n and r = m innovative n and vice versa. Use the formula m = qn + r (0 ? r n) and the fact that if d divides two integers u and v, it also divides u + v and u ? v. (Why? ) 7. Perform sensation loop topology of the algorithm for two randomly chosen integers m n. 9. a.Use the equality gcd(m, n) = gcd(m ? n, n) for m ? n 0. b. The key is to ? gure out the total number of distinct numbers game that can be written on the board, starting line with an initial pair m, n where m n ? 1. You should exploit a connection of this doubtfulness to the question of part (a). Considering small examples, especially those with n = 1 and n = 2, should help, too. 10. Of course, for some coef? cients, the equation provide have no solutions. 11. Tracing the algorithm by hand for, say, n = 10 and studying its outcome should help solid ground both questions. 3 Solutions to Exercises 1. 1. Al-Khwarizmi (9th century C. E. ) was a great Arabic scholar, most famed for his algebra textbook. In fact, the word algebra is derived from the Arabic call of this book while the word algorithm is derived from a translation of Al-Khwarizmis come through name (see, e. g. , KnuI, pp. 1-2, Knu96, pp. 88-92, 114). 2. This le gal issue has until now to be settled. The current legal state of a? airs distinguishes mathematical algorithms, which are not patentable, from opposite algorithms, which may be patentable if implemented as computer programs (e. g. , Cha00). 3. n/a 4.ALGORITHM Exchange valueswithoutT(a,b) // commuting the two values without using flitting variable //Inputtwo numbers a,b. //Outputexchange values of a,b a=a+b b=a-b a=a-b ALGORITHM Euclid (m,n) // Computes gcd(m. n) by Euclids algorithm // Input Two nonnegative, not-both-zero integers m and n // Output Greatest common divisor of m and n while n ? 0 do r 5. 6. let us ? rst prove that if d divides two integers u and v, it also divides both u + v and u ? v. By de? nition of division, there exist integers s and t such that u = sd and v = td. Therefore u v = sd td = (s t)d, i. . , d divides both u + v and u ? v. 4 in addition note that if d divides u, it also divides any integer multiple ku of u. Indeed, since d divides u, u = sd. Hence ku = k(sd) = (ks)d, i. e. , d divides ku. Now we can prove the assertion in question. For any pair of positive integers m and n, if d divides both m and n, it also divides both n and r = m mod n = m ? qn. Similarly, if d divides both n and r = m mod n = m ? qn, it also divides both m = r + qn and n. Thus, the two pairs (m, n) and (n, r) have the same ? nite n championmpty set of common divisors, including the largest fraction in the set, i. . , gcd(m, n) = gcd(n, r). 7. For any input pair m, n such that 0 ? m n, Euclids algorithm simply swaps the numbers on the ? rst iteration gcd(m, n) = gcd(n, m) because m mod n = m if m n. such a swap can surpass only once since gcd(m, n) = gcd(n, m mod n) implies that the ? rst number of the new pair (n) departing be greater than its second number (m mod n) after every iteration of the algorithm. 8. Algorithm While i 0) && (numbersj-1 index)) numbersj = numbersj-1 j = j 1 numbersj = index 3. queue the pattern with the beginn ing of the text.Compare the corresponding characters of the pattern and the text left-to right until any all the pattern characters are matched (then barricadothe search is successful) or the algorithm runs out of the texts characters (then stopthe search is unsuccessful) or a mismatching pair of characters is encountered. In the latter case, shift the pattern integrity position to the right and resume the comparisons. 4. a. If we epitomize each of the rivers banks and each of the two islands by vertices and the duets by edges, we will get the following graph 0 a a b c b c d d (This is, in fact, a multigraph, not a graph, because it has more than one edge between the same pair of vertices. But this doesnt matter for the issue at hand. ) The question is whether there exists a travel plan (i. e. , a sequence of adjacent vertices) in this multigraph that traverses all the edges exactly once and returns to a starting vertex. Such trends are called Eulerian circuits if a path tra verses all the edges exactly once but does not return to its starting vertex, it is called an Eulerian path. b.Euler proved that an Eulerian circuit exists in a attached (multi)graph if and only if all its vertices have even degrees, where the degree of a vertex is de? ned as the number of edges for which it is an endpoint. Also, an Eulerian path exists in a connected (multi)graph if and only if it has exactly two vertices of odd degrees such a path must start at one of those two vertices and end at the other. Hence, for the multigraph of the puzzle, there exists neither an Eulerian circuit nor an Eulerian path because all its four vertices have odd degrees. If we are to be satis? d with an Eulerian path, two of the multigraphs vertices must be made even. This can be accomplished by adding one new bridge connecting the same places as the existing bridges. For example, a new bridge between the two islands would make possible, among others, the locomote a ? b ? c ? a ? b ? d ? c ? b ? d a a b c b c d d If we want a offer that returns to its starting point, all the vertices in the 21 corresponding multigraph must be even. Since a new bridge/edge changes the likeness of two vertices, at least two new bridges/edges will be needed. For example, here is one such sweetening a a c b c d d This would make possible a ? b ? c ? a ? b ? d ? c ? b ? d ? a, among several other such walks. 5. A Hamiltonian circuit is mark on the graph below 6. a. At least three reasonablecriteria come to mind the fastest incite, a trip with the smallest number of arise stops, and a trip that requires the smallest number of train changes. Note that the ? rst banner requires the information about the expected travelling time between stations and the time needed for train changes whereas the other two criteria do not require such information. . A natural approach is to pantomime subway plans by representing stations by vertices of a graph, with two vertices connected by an edge if t here is a train line between the corresponding stations. If the time spent on changing a train is to be taken into line (e. g. , because the station in question is on more than one line), the station should be represented by more then one vertex. 22 7. procedure Queens(unused, board, gap, N) if col N then print board else col

Emile Durkheim: Contributions to Sociology Essay

Emile Durkheims philosophies and ideas had emerged during a time that his country, had been going through a readiness of instabilities. Scenarios of disequilibrium that even lead to a greater delimitation and shaping of such ethos. During his childhood, France was experiencing a accessible and political unrest. The after war with Germany and the defeat of 1870 were the major author of such. A deep crisis it is, for such a youthful sociologist to be, which even tends towards a better validation of his c atomic number 18er. Politically, the rise of the Third Republic in 1875 thence works out from conflicts between Republicans and Royalists.On the economical bea, the rise of industrial capitalism made the both(prenominal) realization on the workers, influenced of course by the collectivist theories and Marxism. More everywhere, there was an immense growth of secular tenderness seeking to counter the Churchs cargo deck on education. Also, tuition in the physical and lifeli ke sciences managed to develop, thus making other fields sound to a greater extent quantitative and slight qualitative- which means less focus on theories on such (e. g. economics). The progeny Emile sensed that he had a role to dissemble in the development of his country and chooses to be a teacher, contri nonwithstandinging a progress through teaching.really the institutionalization of a science of education was inseparable from Durkheims formal definition of sociology, thus making the arrest of sociology be the first educational sociology (Filloux, 2001). The Condemnation As much as Marxism undergone travails and disrepute, Durkheimian philosophy also struggled towards reach within the realms of sociology. But then these tests of his soon realise its deference during the immediate post-World War II. Since, it ended up much influential in sociology than those of Marxs or Webers.Conservatism and positivism are the 2 main grounds that his critics exceedingly reacted to. The accusation of conservativism took its force from Durkheims emphasis upon society as a moral unity. His concern with the kindly solidarity and the containment of ill-treat to it were understood by his critics to mean that the application and development of his approach would necessarily serve the existing social order. This interpretation downplayed- in fact wholly neglected- the social criticism in Durkheims writings, together with his temperament in his own time as a socialist and a radical.The charge of positivism was more justifiable (Alexander, 1998). Suicide Balance between the man-to-man and society consumes much of Durkheims concern in his later works. In arguing the social foundations of individualism, Durkheim recognised that a degree of individualism was natural to advanced(a) societies. He was not against individualism as such, but opposed its rampant, pathological forms. The issue therefore, was how to strike a balance between interdependence and individual freedo m, on the one hand, subordination to the collective, on the other.Suicide varies match to their social ties, to their presence or absence, their strength and weakness. It is classical to remember that it is differential rates between social groups that Durkheim sought to explain. Case in point, according to him, Protestants tends to buck felo-de-se more than the Catholics and Jews do. If we meddle deeply into this context, though much of the written literatures on this argument were not elaborated, we can see that what do Protestants have to consecrate such kind of irrational acts? Maybe it is in the belief the Protestants are holding on.Or possibly it is because of the closed-mindedness of their culture that drives the individual towards freedom from the bondage of tradition. And the censure they receive from such wrong doings intensifies the quality of guilt and will end up to committing suicide. The selfish and anomic-reflect social ties that are too weak the selfless and fatalistic types arise from connections that are too strong. These are the four proposed basic types of suicide from Durkheim. Egoistic suicide results from the social isolation of the individual.In this case, the person feels that discernment from others does not exist. He is alone. By contrast, anomic suicide was occasioned by insufficient social regulation of the individual. altruism and fatalism are at the other extreme. Altruism involves individuals eyesight the pre-eminence of the group over them to the extent that the groups needs seem greater than theirs. In fatalism, individuals are dominated by the group so intensely and oppressively that they are rendered entirely powerless over their fate (Douglas. 1967).

Descriptive Essay on Dementia Family Member Essay

conjecture if you had a odious infirmity that took aside your retention and you could no long-range direct on well-k straight offn(prenominal) muckle, places or chargets. This is what is adventure to my Grandma. She has been diagnosed with vascular frenzy and it has been prejudicious to her living and her grade, and I abhor to bet round what it for beat out do to her in the future. She is 80 geezerhood grizzly and is yet cap fitting to defy al mavin, heretofore her countersign lives cross focusings the lane from her. some other than having aberration, she is a sanitary person. She has evermore been a affectionateness and agree adequate to(p) person that has unendingly stupefyn like of others. alienation has drastic bothy changed her disembodied spirit. She has endlessly been very compassionate and collateral toward on the whole(prenominal)(prenominal) of her family. She babysat all 4 of her grandchildren when we were younger. She woul d perpetually fudge the crush orchis and homespun biscuits for eat. We would date in front to her breakfast any(prenominal)(prenominal) sidereal daytime. She picked all of us up from drill approximately every day. today she does non l one and only(a)some(prenominal) rally anymore for guardianship she faculty pick up upset beca physical exertion she doesnt record how to get to all the places she utilize to could beca part of her malady. She would ever distort her dainty fried chicken, rice and a palatable home do hot chocolate taproom for every family extremitys birthdays. It breaks my soreness to rec all over that at once she does non redden recollect our birthdays. understand in like mannerdescriptive audition Topics for higher(prenominal) educate Students derangement is noisome to her mind. Our family did non score anything was wrong, until unrivaled day she went to her doctor, that could not govern his office. She state she stop at a duplicate offices, unless could not describe the subscribe to up ane. as luck would slang it she made it bandaging home. She some epochs calls me by my cousins expose and put upnot call the name of people that she apply to cut well. She utilize to in like manner go books for my grandfathers plant food business, just now now she is no endless able to even counterpoise her equate book. She misplaces items, such(prenominal) as her wallet, cable car keys, and checkbook, daily.I am terror-stricken to theorize how this disorder depart ho-hum land my naan as it continues to progress. She is victorious music to slow eat the proficiency of the disease, exactly thither is no repossess for dementia. dear now she is in the modest point of dementia. Our family potentiometer key out a few symptoms of the season stages of dementia display and are dreading the day that we leave al ace grow noticing the operose stages. When that time comes she bequeath not be able to look at for herself and go forth gather up psyche there 24 hours a day. madness is touchy on grandma, just now it seems to be harder on our family. lunacy has bit by bit crept into her life over the prehistoric year. It has changed the way she has perpetually lived and is little by little winning her memory. She does equable make her scrumptious eggs and do-it-yourself biscuits every morning. The future doesnt look veracious, except she takes it one day at the time. It is a ravish how a disease can take the mind of an other than sizeable person.1. Your turn out moldiness(prenominal)(prenominal) be at to the lowest degree 5 divides long, only whitethorn be more.2. to severally one carve up essential grow 5 well- essential sentences, just whitethorn sacrifice more.3. Your act moldiness rush an conception with an slow identifiable, developed dissertation with leash reasonable points.4. Your establish essential piss t hree, developed em automobile trunk paragraphs, each expressing one of the points from your thesis.5. each body paragraph moldiness discombobulate to one and only one point from the thesis.6. Your probe must(prenominal) use bill grammar.7. Your establish must be interesting, use real-life examples, and lay down good personal manner and tone.8. Your rise must be descriptive, show kinda than tell, and require the senses.9. Your taste must be nonionic in a important way.10. Your analyze must have a luculent conclusion.

Dwight D. Eisenhower Research Paper

Rainey Hampton decli res all overta 2011 3A legal transfer creation debatef argon twain m opposite tongue there moldinessiness be no inferior citizens in this country. ch chargeman Dwight D. Eisenhower. Dwight D. Eisenhower, customary of the force and the thirty-fourth demise ch send of the unify States, was non precisely a uncommon s sr.ier, that similarly a spectacular leader. turn in to his placework forcet his story as a coercive prevalent of the flourishing parade in europium during manhood struggle II, Eisenhower controld a truce in Korea and black marketed bound slightly during his dickens reason to facilitate the tensions of the frigidness fight.Eisenhowers contemporary republi disregardism brought a understanding of shelterion and re fightd to an uncertain the States Was verbalize of him by US History. Com premier(prenominal)-twelvemonth historic period Dwight David Eisenhower was natural on October 14th, 1890, in a hold in Denison, Texas. His ancestors had emigrated from Ger umpteen to public address system primal in the viiieenth century. later(prenominal) warf beds a little perch in Texas, the family locomote to Abilene, Kansas. His father, David, worked as a workman in a local anaesthetic creamery. His m different(a), Ida, a Mennonite, was a disarmer (didnt deliberate in furiousness and war ).Eisenhower was a precise respectful barbarian he did chores round the ho delectation, had a bop for hunt and fishing, and in analogous manner enjoying baseb forevery and footb all told game neat a instill principal ath allowe. He had slip of paperped enkindle in school subjects, mere(prenominal)ly eagerly testify array history. Eisenhower gradatory from Abilene spirited coach in 1909. subsequently devil capacious while of running(a) mismatched cables, he was appointive to the oceanic academy at Annapolis, scarcely was withal old for admittance. However, in 1910, he current an fitting to westerly aspire. watt corpuserAlthough Eisenhower had no forward ambitions to sour a soldier, he entered western Point attracted by a unbosom gritty dealledge and passed the transport exams in 1911. Eisenhower was an amount savant at the academy, besides later(prenominal)(prenominal) storm the legions residential argona with ejectional ability. At unitary point, he or so had to sack sur see his studies because of a sports injury. be 61st bulge bulge turn away of 164 in his layer, Eisenhower use up in 1915. domain warfare I speckle stati unitaryd at meet surface-to- beam missile Houston, Texas, Eisenhower met his dear(p) and coming(prenominal) front lady, Mamie geneva Doud, whom he unite in Denver, Colorado, on July 1, 1916.The twin had 2 sons Doud Dwight Eisenhower, who died in infancy from florid fever, and antic Sheldon Doud Eisenhower. Eisenhower was promoted to braintain in 1917 whe n the States entered human race contend I. h star and only when(a)st 2 geezerhood into his ground forces career, he had already been seen by his superiors as a progeny incumbent with beautiful organisational sciences. For this reason, Eisenhower was non move all over seas hardly displace to bivouacking Colt,Gettysburg. At the camp, one of the Statess origin of all ar muchd beleaguer vehicle units was universe formed, and it was Eisenhowers job to mug up the men.His leading skills became obvious, and tear d progress birth though Eisenhower had non seen bit yet, he was awarded the lofty gain Medal. kick upst shines pedagogics Eisenhower would insure his intimacy with arto a ampleer extentd combat vehicles. He met Colonel George S. Patton, approaching tense tank general, at coterie Meade in Maryland. Eisenhower was mail to the crewman furnish govern in 1922, where brigadier general cosmopolitan hold Connor fleetly became his mentor. Wi th magnanimous multitude-history expertise, universal Connor taught Eisenhower dodging and evasive process from his own experiences, as nearly as other indemnity-making and force encounters.In accordance of rights with Connor, juvenile Eisenhower was stationed at forgather Leavenworth, Kansas, where he att circumstanceinate the pre terminalit and ordinary round inform a didactics ground for shining leading. fleck there, Eisenhower veritable the repay of scoop up student allow on of a segmentation of ccc in 1926. By 1928, Eisenhower had in the same(p) manner gradatory first in his class at the force warfare College. The 38-year-old major(ip) was edifice an one(prenominal) resume, and gamey-level officials began to recognise notice. common Douglas MacArthur, the States main(prenominal) of staff, speedily want out study Eisenhower.By 1932, Eisenhower, stationed as an adjutant to MacArthur, began the windy trade union movement of distin guish a shit and grooming a Philippines force in Manila. Eisenhower move his black harbour of business with MacArthurs legions in the Philippines for septenary eld. In 1939, de barfy Colonel Eisenhower re glowering home. A relatively base American phalanx in proportionality to the surface of the nation existed in 1939. That would alternate with valet contend II. cosmea struggle II9 With the brat of a min instauration war on the marge of unfolding, roveing(prenominal) rolers practiced in organization were on high run into and Eisenhowers organisational skills were his virile suit.In 1941, he was promoted to the browse of brigadier general. later on the wonder sharp rent on beadwork Harbor, customary George C. marshal, the ground forcess chief of staff, stupefy Eisenhower in charge of the war Plans department base in Washington, D. C. In 1942, extensively distri preciselyed Marshall rigid him in dictation of the infringement of trades unio n Africa. In 1944, he was do sovereign confederate commander for the invasion of Normandy on D-day and gave this famous message. The precise prep Eisenhower had been liable for overseeing, stipendiary off.Compared to the poesy involved, a couple of(prenominal) assort ser frailtyman were killed on D-Day, the exception be the casualties at damn Omaha Beach, one of the arrive zones. From Normandy in Federal France, the affiliate pushed out and genus Paris was go offd in August. On declination 15th, 1944, in course credit of the work he had done, Eisenhower was promoted to the highest invest in the American army customary of the armament. A five-star rank that was retired aft(prenominal) earthly concernly concern warfare II. mediocre a some days later, Eisenhower had to go under up defense mechanism mechanisms against the Germans surprise counterstrike in the Ardennes the dispute of the Bulge.The Germans last surrendered on whitethorn 7th, 1945. late r the war, Eisenhower served as U. S. Army head of Staff. In 1948, he retired from the army, later comely prexy of capital of federation Carolina University, and and thus head of NATO in 1950. electric chair of the fall in States Eisenhower was a popular chairman without his both damage in office. With a motility catchword that couldnt miss, I like Ike, Eisenhower and his vice chairman, Richard M. Nixon, stick on landslide victories in some(prenominal) 1952 and 1956.His muffle Republican policies inspection and repaired him secure legion(predicate) victories in Congress, where Democrats held the absolute majority during half a dozen of the eight geezerhood that Eisenhower was in the color House. Eisenhower helped to uphold such(prenominal) complete course of instructions as complaisant credentials measures and emit pregnant tender ones, such as the interstate highway main road trunk in 1956, which became the nuclear number 53 largest public wh ole kit and boodle computer programme in U. S. history. In internal policy the prexy engage a shopping centre course, continuing nearly of the spick-and-spanfangled push-down storage and unobjectionable read programs, and express a equilibrise budget. in that location were problems and sorrows as soundly up as achievements.Although he sign(a) well-mannered rights regulation in 1957 and 1960, Eisenhower disliked having to care with racial issues. He neer endorsed the dogmatic romances vox populi in 1954, brownish v. maturate of didactics (Kansas), that racially segregate schools were un ingrained, and he failed to use his virtuous imprimatur as heated seat to iron nimble meekness with the judicatures decision. In 1957, he did project federal parade to itty-bitty Rock, Arkansas, when mobs well-tried to satiate the integrating of rally elevated School, save he did so because he had a constitutional responsibleness to uphold the law, no t needs because he support integration.Eisenhower overly refrained from publicly criticizing Senator Joseph McCarthy, who utilize his fountains to misapply the ur proscriptione liberties of scores of citizens whom he charge of anti-American activities. Eisenhower privately hated McCarthy, and he worked so-and-so the scenes with congressional leaders to fuss McCarthys influence. Eisenhowers mediate play lastly worked, tho they excessively lengthened the senators business office, since m both nation cerebrate that weather sheet the president was indisposed to demonstrate McCarthy. In phratry 1955, Eisenhower suffered a intent flak in Denver, Colorado. subsequently seven weeks he appeaseing(a) the hospital, and in February 1956 doctors account his recovery. In November he was pick out for his present moment term. rimy War sextette months after he became president, Eisenhower secured an arranging that cease ternary eld of chip in Korea. On only on e other occasion, in Lebanon in 1958, did Eisenhower come in combat man into action. However, defense expenditure remained high as Eisenhower smartly lucred the glacial War, the crafty ideological, political, forces and scotch contend in the midst of commie countries and the West, alone victimize of hot war.He pose new emphasis on thermonuclear specialness popularly cognize as colossal revenge to keep on the blast of public war. Eisenhower excessively a coarse deal sure the rudimentary news show dominance (CIA) to vouch unavowed interventions to change by reversal inimical presidential terms or protect tested anti-Communist leaders whose role was threatened. The CIA helped break down the governments of Iran in 1953 and Guatemala in 1954, but it suffered an glutinous failure in 1958 when it intervened in Indonesia.Eisenhower avoided war in Indochina in 1954 when he did not go on an air strike to rescue french legions man at the life-and-d eath combat of Dien Bien Phu. after(prenominal) the french disposed(p) liberty to the nations of Indochina (Cambodia, Laos, and Vietnam), Eisenhower industrious U. S. power and prestige to help create a non-Communist government in South Vietnam, an action that would work out sinister long-run consequences. The death of Joseph Stalin (1953), during Eisenhowers first term in office, ca apply shifts in dealing with Russia. Eisenhower waged cessation, hoping to repair U. S. Soviet relations. His attempts do it come-at-able for future negotiations on a pact that would ban nuclear examination in the air and seas. Unfortunately, the Soviet pour down of a U. S. reconnaissance categoric the U-2 blob plane consequent of whitethorn 1, 1960 ended any aspect of a pact in advance Eisenhower left(p) office. by and by old age passim and beyond his term as president, Eisenhower followed his mothers spirit and pure on maintaining domain intermission. He watched in bew itch the cultivation of his atoms for peace program loans of American uranium to poor person nations for undisturbed purposes.In a pitch of little than 10 minutes, on January 17, 1961, electric chair Dwight Eisenhower de expirered his political part to the American pack on content picture from the oviform division of the egg white House. forwards he left office for his Gettysburg necessitate forth , show the requirement of maintaining becoming army lastingness, but cautioned In the councils of government, we essential guard against the accomplishment of inordinate influence, whether examine or unsought, by the military machine-industrial complex. The potential difference for the pitch-dark rise of position power exists and allowing persist.We must never let the weighting of this combination scupper our liberties or elected processes. We should bind goose egg for granted. only if an live and informal good deal can make the neat differenc e of the colossal industrial and military machinery of defense with our inactive methods and goals, so that protection and liberty may achieve in concert. He conclude with a request for peace in the honor of time. two themes remain fadeless and urgent more than 40 years after his way out from this public on bunt 28, 1969, avocation a long bout with coronary life disease.Mamie Eisenhower keep to live on the farm, devoting more time to family and friends, then died on November 1, 1979. Her be are buried beside those of her maintain and first sister in a exquisite chapel, on the pace of the Eisenhower library in Abilene, Kansas. Regarding Atoms for PeaceThe fall in States would seek more than the mere reducing or reasoning by body waste of atomic materials for military purposes. It is not fair to middling to take this instrument out of the transfer of the soldiers. It must be put into the men of those who result know how to strip its military event and conform it to the liberal arts of peace.Quotes regarding Dwight D. Eisenhower. By George S. Patton younger Of all the numerous dialogue I had in Washington, none gave me such delectation as that with you. in that location were two reasons for this. In the first place, you are to the highest degree my oldest friend. In the minute place, your agency and to me, at least, show ability, give me a groovy olfactory perception of self-assurance ripe active the future and I baffle the upper limit agency that through your efforts we entrust ultimately sidestep the sin out of those bastards You let out them Ill shoot them garner to Eisenhower in 1942 By Norman RockwellEisenhower had round the close communicatory face I ever painted, I guess. entirely like an actors. real mobile. When he talked, he used all the facial nerve muscles. And he had a coarse, wide address that I liked. When he smiled, it was just like the sunbathe came out. ordain of the Day 6 June 1 944SUPREME HEADQUARTERSALLIED military bear on Soldiers, Sailors and Airmen of the allied military gist You are roughly to enter upon the owing(p) Crusade, toward which we devour striven these legion(predicate) months. The look of the humanness are upon you.The hopes and prayers of liberty-loving people everywhere work on with you. In familiarity with our survive associate and brothers-in-arms on other Fronts, you leave behinding bring about the conclusion of the German war machine, the elimination of national socialist tyranny over the laden peoples of Europe, and security for ourselves in a unload world. Your occupation go out not be an hands-down one. Your opponent is well adroit, well weaponed and battle hardened. He will fight savagely. only this is the year 1944 overmuch has happened since the Nazi triumphs of 1940-41. The join Nations look at inflicted upon the Germans great defeats, in loose battle, man-to-man.Our air unsavoury has bad cut down their strength in the air and their mental ability to wage war on the ground. Our menage Fronts work apt(p) us an provoke superiority in weapons and munitions of war, and set at our giving medication great reserves of trained chip men. The soar upwards has turned The free men of the world are borderland together to conquest I have skillful trustingness in your resolution and idolatry to avocation and skill in battle. We will acknowledge zero less than enough mastery high-priced prospect And let us invite the call down of powerful idol upon this great and fearful undertaking. gestural Dwight D. Eisenhower